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Espresso Day celebrates the Italian drink.
Luigi Bezzera, a Milanese inventor, is credited with creating espresso. He patented the first espresso machine in 1901. Bezzera's machine brewed coffee quickly for workers during their short breaks, using steam pressure to force hot water through finely ground coffee beans. This innovation marked a significant departure from the traditional methods of coffee brewing, which were much slower.
In 1905, Desiderio Pavoni purchased Bezzera's patent and started manufacturing espresso machines named "La Pavoni." Pavoni improved the design and introduced the first commercial espresso machine, which debuted at the 1906 Milan Fair. This machine was a success, popularizing espresso in cafes across Italy.
However, the early espresso machines had limitations, primarily producing coffee with a burnt taste due to steam pressure. The breakthrough came in 1948 when Achille Gaggia, a Milanese barista and coffee machine technician, developed a lever-driven machine. Gaggia's design used a spring-powered lever system, allowing water to press through the coffee at high pressure but at a lower temperature, resulting in a smoother flavor and the creation of crema – the creamy layer on top of the espresso.
Gaggia's innovation spurred the modern espresso era, leading to widespread adoption in Italian cafes and the development of various espresso-based drinks, such as cappuccinos and lattes. Espresso's popularity in Italy soon spread to other parts of Europe and North America, becoming a staple of coffee culture worldwide.
The latter part of the 20th century saw continued advancements in espresso technology, including the introduction of automatic and semi-automatic espresso machines. These machines made espresso more accessible commercially and in the home while preserving traditional espresso's quality and flavor characteristics.
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