All - Leep Calendar

"Ochi!", Greek for "No!" is what the Greeks told Mussolini and his fascist army when Italy tried to invade Greece on October 28, 1940. Ochi, ochi, ochi, Senor Mussolini!

The Greeks stood their ground and sent the Italians packing. Consider them the original Antifa (anti-fascists) and as the historical originators of democracy—it's apropos—notably since Mussolini coined the word fascist in 1919 to describe his political party.

However you swing it, Ochi Day is a national celebration and includes parades, tributes, and festivities throughout Greece.

Image: Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini in Munich, Germany. June 1940. Photo by Eva Braun, US Government Archives.

Africa

Oct

Pit Bull Appreciation Day, Ntl.: October 28

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Created in 2007, National Pit Bull Appreciation Day seeks to educate the population about the fantastic qualities of the oft-maligned category of dogs called pit bulls or pitties.

The dog originated in England, Ireland, Scotland, and the United States. Pit bulls are a class of work dogs created by crossbreeding bulldogs with terriers that excel in farmwork, as companions for the disabled, as police and guard dogs, and as pets. Pitties developed a reputation for fierceness due to their misuse as bait animals for hunting and dog fighting as a sport.

There is no evidence to suggest pit bulls are more aggressive or dangerous than other breeds. The common denominator in aggressive dog behavior nearly always traces back to the owner's behavior and the animal's training. Still, the stigma has stuck, often making the dogs challenging to adopt or the target of laws.

National Pit Bull Awareness Day aims to correct these misrepresentations and celebrate these loyal, intelligent, and beloved dogs.

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Oct

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Oct

St. Jude's Day: October 28

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There will be few people alive who cannot, at one point in their lives, affiliate with Saint Jude (Judas Thaddaeus), the patron saint of lost causes. We've all been on our knees at some point; it is part of being human. And eventually, we dust ourselves off and soldier on. St. Jude's Day is a day to celebrate all the times you've returned from a setback. Saint Jude was one of the original twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. October 28 is his feast day in Western Christianity, and June 19 or August 21 in Eastern and Orthodox traditions.

WHY SO MANY FEAST DAYS?

Have you ever noticed that there seem to be feast days for just about everything in the Catholic and Orthodox Christian faiths? There is a reason for that. The church granted feast days to allow all subjects of the Crown to take a day off. As most worked six days a week, feast days provided a break that landowners and nobility couldn't deny. If they tried, they were going against the church, and that you did not do.

In medieval times, there were approximately 60 feast days a year. Add this to 52 Sundays, Christmas, and Easter, and workers received at least 114 days off a year. Contrast that to today. The average American gets 104 weekend days and seven national holidays off work. That's three days less than the commoners of the Dark Ages, just in case you're feeling a little overworked.

Africa

Oct

Statue of Liberty Day (1886): October 28

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Statue of Liberty Day marks the anniversary of the dedication of the Statue of Liberty by President Grover Cleveland on Oct. 28, 1886.

The statue, one of the most recognizable in the world, was a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States; its designer was Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, and its sculptor, Gustave Eiffel.

The woman depicted is Libertas, a Roman goddess. She holds a torch and legal tablet inscribed with the date of the American Declaration of Independence. Upon her feet is a broken chain symbolizing the United States' liberation from England in 1776, though it would take a war and over a decade for it to come to fruition.

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Oct

Black Tuesday (1929): October 29

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Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, is when the stock market collapsed, losing 13% of its value in a single day and sending the industrialized world into a ten-year economic depression. Sixteen million four hundred ten thousand thirty shares traded on the New York Stock Exchange that day, a record. Leading up to Black Tuesday, the stock market fell for nearly six weeks, losing 40% of its value between September 1929 and October 29, 1929. This catastrophic event wiped out the savings of millions of people and ushered in the worst economic period in global history, known today as the Great Depression. And then history almost repeated itself. As early as 2006, warning signs started to appear in the US economy. By 2008 the world entered what would become known as the Great Recession. During this event, millions lost their homes, jobs, and savings. Wages stagnated, and this recession was particularly brutal on white collar, college educated, and knowledge workers, wiping out entire industries while consolidating others. The impact globally of the 2008 economic implosion was even more profound than in 1929. Over a decade later, countries, families, and entire communities are still trying to recover. Just as gains were being made, COVID-19 hit. Nearly three years into that crisis, the world appears to be on the precipice of another major global economic catastrophe due to the pandemic, global warming, conflicts, and inflation.

Africa

Oct

Cat Day, Ntl.: October 29

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Cat lovers unite to celebrate feline friends and raise awareness of the plight of cats in shelters. This day seeks to educate and provide an excuse to indulge in a new toy drenched in cat nip, feed gourmet kitty kibble, and go cuddle crazy with your doting purr balls. Please take this opportunity to donate to your local shelter in their honor. Kibble aside, this is the best way to celebrate and possibly save a life!

Africa

Oct

Daylight Savings (IL, PS), Ends: October 29

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Daylight Savings Day for Israel and Palestine commences Friday before last Sunday, March (Spring Forward), and ends last Sunday in October (Fall Back).

The saying, "spring forward, fall back," is an excellent way to remember. It works in the northern and southern hemispheres as the seasons are reversed.

American Benjamin Franklin was the first to propose daylight savings time (DST) in 1784. Modern DST began in 1895. Throughout history, several variations were adopted, ranging from 30 minutes to two hours.

Not everyone observes DST, which can make setting appointments very challenging. The primary purpose of DST is to make better use of daylight hours for farming, early morning activities (such as children walking to school in the light instead of dark), and saving energy.

The closer one lives to the North and South Pole, the longer the period of daylight in the summer months.
_______________________

Daylight Savings Above the Equator:

United Kingdom, Albania, Adorra, Austria, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Guernsey, Holy See, Hungary, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Kosovo, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Western Sahara: Last Sunday of March: Last Sunday, October

United States, Bahamas, Canada, Cuba, Saint Pierre & Miquelon: 2nd Sunday, March; 1st Sunday of November

Iran: Begins March 21/22; Ends September 20/21

Israel & Palestine: Friday before last Sunday, March; Last Sunday, October

Jordan, Syria: Last Friday, March; Last Friday, October

Mexico: 1st Sunday, April; Last Sunday, October
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Daylight Savings Below the Equator:

Australia: 1st Sunday of October (Spring Forward ); 1st Sunday in April (Fall Back).

Brazil: 3rd Sunday in October; 3rd Sunday in February.

Chile: 2nd Sunday in August and the 2nd Sunday in May.

Fiji & Tonga: 1st Sunday of November; 3rd Sunday of January.

Namibia observes the 1st Sunday of September and the 1st Sunday of April.

New Zealand: Last Sunday of September; 1st Sunday of April.

Paraguay: 1st Sunday of October; 4th Sunday of March.

Samoa: Last Sunday of September; 1st Sunday of April.

Africa

Oct

Daylight Savings (MX),Ends: October 29

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Daylight Savings in Mexico commences on the 1st Sunday in April (Spring Forward) and ends on the last Sunday in October (Fall Back).

On this day, we move the clock one hour ahead at 2 AM in April or one hour back in October at 2 AM on Sunday.

The saying, "spring forward, fall back," is an excellent way to remember. It works in the northern and southern hemispheres as the seasons are reversed.

American Benjamin Franklin was the first to propose daylight savings time (DST) in 1784. Modern DST began in 1895. Throughout history, several variations were adopted, ranging from 30 minutes to two hours.

Not everyone observes DST, which can make setting appointments very challenging. The primary purpose of DST is to make better use of daylight hours for farming, early morning activities (such as children walking to school in the light instead of dark), and saving energy.

The closer one lives to the North and South Pole, the longer the period of daylight in the summer months.
_______________________

Daylight Savings Above the Equator:

United Kingdom, Albania, Adorra, Austria, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Guernsey, Holy See, Hungary, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Kosovo, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Western Sahara: Last Sunday of March: Last Sunday, October

United States, Bahamas, Canada, Cuba, Saint Pierre & Miquelon: 2nd Sunday, March; 1st Sunday of November

Iran: Begins March 21/22; Ends September 20/21

Israel & Palestine: Friday before last Sunday, March; Last Sunday, October

Jordan, Syria: Last Friday, March; Last Friday, October

Mexico: 1st Sunday, April; Last Sunday, October
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Daylight Savings Below the Equator:

Australia: 1st Sunday of October (Spring Forward ); 1st Sunday in April (Fall Back).

Brazil: 3rd Sunday in October; 3rd Sunday in February.

Chile: 2nd Sunday in August and the 2nd Sunday in May.

Fiji & Tonga: 1st Sunday of November; 3rd Sunday of January.

Namibia observes the 1st Sunday of September and; the 1st Sunday of April.

New Zealand: Last Sunday of September; 1st Sunday of April.

Paraguay: 1st Sunday of October; 4th Sunday of March.

Samoa: Last Sunday of September; 1st Sunday of April.

Africa

Oct

Daylight Savings (UK), Ends: October 29

06:20 AM | -

Daylight Savings in the United Kingdom and European Union commences on the last Sunday of March (Spring Forward) and ends on the last Sunday of October (Fall Back).

On this day, we move the clock one hour ahead at 2 AM in March or one hour back in October at 2 AM on Sunday.

The saying, "spring forward, fall back," is an excellent way to remember. The memory tool works in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

American Benjamin Franklin was the first to propose daylight savings time (DST) in 1784. Modern DST began in 1895. Throughout history, several variations were adopted, ranging from 30 minutes to two hours.

Not everyone observes DST, which can make setting appointments very challenging. The primary purpose of DST is to make better use of daylight hours for farming, early morning activities (such as children walking to school in the light instead of dark), and saving energy.

The closer one lives to the North and South Pole, the longer the period of daylight in the summer months.
_______________________

Daylight Savings Above the Equator:

United Kingdom, Albania, Adorra, Austria, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Guernsey, Holy See, Hungary, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Kosovo, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Western Sahara: Last Sunday of March: Last Sunday, October

United States, Bahamas, Canada, Cuba, Saint Pierre & Miquelon: 2nd Sunday, March; 1st Sunday of November

Iran: Begins March 21/22; Ends September 20/21

Israel & Palestine: Friday before last Sunday, March; Last Sunday, October

Jordan, Syria: Last Friday, March; Last Friday, October

Mexico: 1st Sunday, April; Last Sunday, October
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Daylight Savings Below the Equator:

Australia: 1st Sunday of October (Spring Forward ); 1st Sunday in April (Fall Back).

Brazil: 3rd Sunday in October; 3rd Sunday in February.

Chile: 2nd Sunday in August and the 2nd Sunday in May.

Fiji & Tonga: 1st Sunday of November; 3rd Sunday of January.

Namibia observes the 1st Sunday of September and; the 1st Sunday of April.

New Zealand: Last Sunday of September; 1st Sunday of April.

Paraguay: 1st Sunday of October; 4th Sunday of March.

Samoa: Last Sunday of September; 1st Sunday of April.

Africa

Oct

Daylight Savings Ends (EU): October 29

06:20 AM | -

Daylight Savings in the European Union commences on the last Sunday of March (spring forward) and ends on the last Sunday of October (fall back). Russia, Iceland, and Belarus do not observe Daylight Savings, but Western Ukraine does.

The saying, “spring forward, fall back,” is an excellent way to remember, and it works in the northern and southern hemispheres as the seasons reverse. Today, Europeans move the clock one hour back to 2 AM in October or one hour ahead in March at 2 AM on Sunday.

American Benjamin Franklin was the first to propose daylight savings time (DST) in 1784, and modern DST commenced in 1895. Throughout history, several variations of daylight savings ranged from 30 minutes to two hours.

Only some nations observe DST, which can make setting appointments very challenging. The primary purpose of DST is to make better use of daylight hours for farming, early morning activities (such as children walking to school in daylight rather than darkness), and saving energy.

The closer one lives to the north and south poles, the longer the period of daylight in the summer months.
_______________________

DAYLIGHT SAVINGS ABOVE THE EQUATOR

United Kingdom, Albania, Adorra, Austria, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Guernsey, Holy See, Hungary, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Kosovo, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Western Sahara—Last Sunday of March (spring forward) and the last Sunday of October (fall back).

United States, Bahamas, Canada, Cuba, Saint Pierre & Miquelon—Second Sunday of March; first Sunday of November

Iran—Begins March 21/22; Ends September 20/21

Israel & Palestine—Friday before the last Sunday, March; last Sunday, October

Jordan, Syria— Last Friday, March; last Friday, October

Mexico—First Sunday, April; last Sunday, October
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DAYLIGHT SAVINGS BELOW THE EQUATOR

Australia—First Sunday of October (spring forward ); first Sunday in April (fall back).

Brazil—Third Sunday in October; third Sunday in February.

Chile—First Sunday in September; first Sunday in April

Fiji & Tonga—First Sunday of November; third Sunday of January.

Namibia—First Sunday of September; first Sunday of April.

New Zealand—Last Sunday of September; first Sunday of April.

Paraguay—First Sunday of October; fourth Sunday of March.

Samoa—Last Sunday of September; first Sunday of April.

Africa

Oct

Grandparents Day (AU): October 29

06:20 AM | -

National Grandparents Day in Queensland, Australia, celebrates grandparents' significance in families and their essential role in children's lives. How to celebrate? Call your grandma or grandpa if you can, and tell them that you love them!

Africa

Oct

Hermit Day, Ntl. (US/UK)(632 AD): October 29

06:20 AM | -

National Hermit Day celebrates the value of being alone every once in a while and using the time for contemplation and prayer. It is a day for you to take some days off, turn off your computer and phone, and just rest and relax.

The day marks the death of Saint Colman Mac Duagh of Cork, Ireland, on October 29, 632. He was known for living in seclusion and spending time in quiet contemplation and built one of the first monasteries in Ireland, the Monastery of Kilmacduagh.

Saint Colman Mac Duagh is the origin of using a rooster's morning crows as an alarm clock.

WHY SO MANY FEAST DAYS?

Have you ever noticed that there seem to be feast days for just about everything in the Catholic and Orthodox Christian faiths? There is a reason for that. The church granted feast days to allow all subjects of the Crown to take a day off. As most worked six days a week, feast days provided a break that landowners and nobility couldn't deny. If they tried, they were going against the church, and that you did not do.

In medieval times, there were approximately 60 feast days a year. Add this to 52 Sundays, Christmas, and Easter, and workers received a minimum of 114 days off a year. Contrast that to today. The average American gets 104 weekend days and seven national holidays off work. That's three days less than the commoners of the Dark Ages, just in case you're feeling a little overworked.

Africa

Oct

Internet Day, Intl. (1969): October 29

06:20 AM | -

International Internet Day marks the invention of the Internet in 1969 by Leonard Kleinrock at UCLA. It was called ARPANET.

The original idea came from MIT's JCR Licklider in 1962 via a concept he called the "Galactic Network." A year earlier, Kleinrock published his first paper on packet switching theory, which replaces circuits with information packets. The third piece of the puzzle is the ability of one computer to speak to another. This piece came in 1965 when Lawrence G. Roberts and Thomas Merrill connected two computers, one in California and the other in Massachusetts, over an ordinary telephone line, enabling the two computers to work together. Researchers at defense contractor RAND and NPL were also coming to similar conclusions.

The first Internet included four computers in four different locations. By 1972, the first application was introduced—electronic mail.

The word Internet comes from a packet radio program that formed the basis for networking called "interneting," coined in 1972 by Bob Kahn of DARPA.

The impact of the Internet on shaping society and how we do business, share ideas, and disseminate information was unfathomable in 1969. Ask anyone born after 1990 to imagine their life without the Internet. Likely, they cannot.

Those of us (like this writer) born in the 1960s remember life before the Internet. My first experience with it was in college, researching term papers. The library had an intranet that allowed me to do weeks of research within hours through search. That was 1990. I'd have to wait a few years for the commercial applications to catch up with the institutional application.

In 1995, I had the privilege of working for the fifth radio station globally to go online. Even in that early time of the World Wide Web, we tried to convince retailers to put their products online for purchase, use the web for advertising, and rely on email to deliver products, including digital magazines, letters, and announcements. Businesses weren't listening then (and Jeff Bezos was just getting started). Time would show e-commerce and digital media to be a wise move.

By 2004, with web 2.0, social media was invented. With the 2007 introduction of the smartphone, the Internet went mobile.

Today, we don't go to video stores for movies; rather, we stream. We don't use landlines to make phone calls. Instead, we video chat, text, delve into cellular and use VoIP. We shop by keyword instead of stepping into stores. Our music comes from online depositories, and even our books and newspapers are delivered seamlessly to our phones and tablets. Retailers seem to know what you want to buy before you know you want to buy it, and a President of the United States can bypass press briefings and rally an insurrection 280 characters at a time.

Okay, not everything about the Internet is ideal, but life is certainly a lot different than it was pre-internet. Most of the world's people cannot fathom a world without the Internet.

Happy Birthday, Internet!

Africa

Oct

Kartika (H): October 29 - November 27

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Kartika, known as Karthikai or Katik, is a Hindu month named after the Hindu god Kartikeya. It corresponds to October/November in the Gregorian calendar. Typically, this is the eight-month, except in the western Indian state of Gujarat, where this month is considered the new year, as it is the month of Diwali.

PLEASE NOTE: We use the Indian civil calendar, the official holiday calendar in India. The Hindu faith has many calendars, each specific to different regions and tribes, with dates and celebrations marked by differing positions of the sun, moon, and stars. Names of months and holidays and the corresponding dates in the Gregorian Calendar may vary widely from one calendar to the next. Determine the proper calendar before attending local events.

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