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Along with October, May is one of the most densely packed months of the year. It's before the summer humidity and the last whole month of the school year. The weather is warming in t...
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UNDERSTANDING SARCOMA:
A RARE BUT SERIOUS FORM OF CANCER
July is Sarcoma Awareness Month. Sarcoma is a rare and complex group of cancers that arise in the bones or soft tissues, including muscles, fat, nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. Unlike more common carcinomas, which originate in epithelial cells, sarcomas develop from mesenchymal cells that form the body's structural tissues.
There are more than 70 distinct types of sarcomas, broadly classified into two main categories: bone and soft tissue. Some of the more well-known types include osteosarcoma (bone), liposarcoma (fat), leiomyosarcoma (smooth muscle), and Ewing sarcoma (typically found in children and adolescents).
Sarcoma can affect people of all ages, but certain types are more prevalent in specific age groups. Children and young adults are more likely to develop bone sarcomas, such as osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, while older adults are more often diagnosed with soft tissue sarcomas. Though the exact causes are usually unknown, genetic syndromes, radiation exposure, and specific chemical exposures are known risk factors.Warning signs of sarcoma vary depending on its location but commonly include:
—A painless lump or swelling, particularly in arms or legs
—Persistent bone pain, especially at night
—Unexplained weight loss
—Limited mobility or numbness if a tumor presses on nerves
Sarcomas are frequently misdiagnosed in early stages due to their rarity and generalized symptoms. Diagnosis typically involves imaging (MRI, CT scans) and a biopsy to confirm the cancer type.Treatment depends on the type, size, location, and tumor stage. Common options include:
—Surgical removal of the tumor
—Radiation therapy to shrink tumors or reduce recurrence
—Chemotherapy, particularly for aggressive or metastatic sarcomas
Emerging targeted therapies, including immunotherapies, are in clinical trials.
Despite advances in treatment, sarcoma remains challenging. If found early, the five-year survival rate is 65% for soft tissue sarcoma and 84% for bone sarcoma. However, those rates drop significantly if the disease has spread.
Sarcomas are relatively rare, impacting about 1% of all adult cancers and roughly 21% of pediatric cancers. The Sarcoma Foundation of America notes that in 2025, approximately 17,290 new cases will be diagnosed in the United States.
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