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International Chocolate Day marks the birthday of Milton S. Hershey (September 13, 1857), the founder of The Hershey Chocolate Company in Hershey, Pennsylvania.
Chocolate beans have been used since around 1900 BC by the people of Central America, usually as a bitter drink, often alcoholic, or with red peppers. (It is quite a treat if you’ve never tried hot chocolate with red peppers using hot water instead of milk!)
On his fourth voyage, Christopher Columbus brought this delicious bean to Europe. He noted the encounter in his ship’s log on August 15, 1502.
A few decades later, Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés would bring the bean back in bulk (he was only 17 when Columbus found it).
But in its Central American form, it wasn’t the sweet treat we see today. That required several inventions:
John Baker’s process of grounding cocoa beans between millstones to create a powder in 1764 turned it into a spice.
Conrad Van Houten developed a method for extracting the cacao liquor from the fat in the cocoa bean in 1828, which made chocolate affordable.
And finally, the development of conching by Swiss chocolatier Rodolphe Lindt in 1879 made it into candy.
The rest is sweet history.
There are several different types of cocoa beans. Though native to the Americas, nearly two-thirds of cocoa production today occurs in Africa, and Ivory Coast is the largest producer.
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