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The Hindu calendar, known as "Panchanga," is a traditional Indian calendar used for religious, cultural, and astrological purposes. Unlike the Gregorian calendar, the Panchanga is based on lunar months and solar years, integrating aspects of lunar and solar cycles.
The Hindu Panchanga includes the following components:
The Panchanga aligns the solar months (Saur Maas) with the Vedic zodiac signs. The lunar aspect comprises 12 or 13 lunar months (Chandra Maas), each beginning with a new moon.
For those not accustomed to using astronomy-based mathematics to determine what day it is, the Panchanga is challenging. However, it is pivotal in Hindu cultures to choose auspicious dates for Hindu festivals, weddings, and other ceremonies. As it is based on the movement of the sun, moon, and stars, dates vary regionally across India and the globe, with each region having its version adjusted to local lunar and solar cycles. Notable variations include the Tamil, Bengali, and Malayalam calendars.
The twelve standard months of Panchanga are:
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