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LA NIÑA ARRIVES
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has forecasted that the Winter of 2024-2025 will be a La Niña year. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) will be active at least from October 2024 through the Spring. La Niña is a climate pattern characterized by cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. This phenomenon influences global weather patterns and typically emerges due to complex ocean and atmosphere interactions.
La Niña develops when strong trade winds push warm water westward towards Asia, allowing cooler water from the deep ocean to rise to the central and eastern Pacific surface—this process, known as upwelling, results in lower-than-normal sea surface temperatures. The cooling of the ocean surface affects atmospheric circulation patterns, leading to widespread climatic impacts.
HOW LA NIÑA IMPACTS WHERE YOU LIVE
North America
—Pacific Northwest and Northern U.S.: La Niña generally brings wetter and cooler conditions, increasing the likelihood of heavy rainfall and snowfall.
—Southern U.S.: The southern regions, including the Gulf Coast, often experience drier and warmer conditions, which can exacerbate drought situations. Hurricanes increase in number and intensity.
—Central U.S.: The Midwest and Great Plains may see increased snowfall and colder temperatures, impacting agriculture and daily life.
South America
—Northern South America: Countries like Colombia and Venezuela can expect wetter conditions, which may lead to flooding and landslides.
—Southern South America: Argentina and Uruguay often experience drier and warmer weather, which can stress water resources and agriculture. Fishing is fantastic off the west coast.
Asia
—Southeast Asia: Typically sees above-average rainfall, which can cause flooding and impact agriculture.
—India: La Niña can enhance the monsoon season, increasing rainfall and potential flooding.
Australia
—Eastern Australia: La Niña often brings above-average rainfall, which can replenish water supplies and cause flooding and cyclones.
—Western Australia: Generally experiences drier conditions.
Africa
—Eastern Africa: Countries like Kenya and Ethiopia might see wetter conditions, potentially leading to flooding.
—Southern Africa: La Niña can bring above-average rainfall, beneficial for agriculture but also posing flood risks.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EL NIÑO AND LA NIÑA WEATHER PATTERNS
—Sea Surface Temperatures
El Niño features warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, while cooler-than-average temperatures characterize La Niña.
—Trade Winds
During El Niño, trade winds weaken or reverse direction, while during La Niña, they strengthen, pushing warm water westward.
—Global Weather Patterns
El Niño typically leads to drier conditions in the Western Pacific and wetter conditions in the eastern Pacific and parts of South America. In contrast, La Niña generally causes wetter conditions in the Western Pacific and drier conditions in the eastern Pacific and parts of South America.
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