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Setsubun (Bean-Throwing Festival or Bean-Throwing Ceremony) is a traditional Japanese festival celebrating the arrival of spring according to the lunar calendar. Setsubun translates to "seasonal division." This tradition began sometime between 1337 & 1573 AD. Soybeans are a symbol of vitality in Japanese culture.
One of the most well-known customs during Setsubun is the "mamemaki" ritual. People scatter roasted soybeans (called "fukumame") both inside and outside their homes while chanting, "Oni wa soto! Fuku wa uchi!" which means "Out with the demons! In with fortune!" The purpose of this ritual is to drive away evil spirits and invite good luck into the household. Japanese legend says that by scattering beans on this day, bad luck and misfortune shall be banished.
Anyone can throw soybeans, but sometimes it is done by a family member who is considered the head of the household or by a designated person representing the demon (oni). In some communities, celebrities or local personalities participate in mamemaki events, adding a festive touch to the celebrations.
Another popular aspect of Setsubun is eating "ehōmaki," which are sushi rolls filled with various ingredients. The unique feature of ehōmaki is that it must be consumed in complete silence while facing the year's lucky compass coordinates. The coordinates change annually and are based on the Chinese zodiac sign for the year (in 2024, it will be the Dragon). Legend states that by eating the entire roll without speaking, each person will gain good luck and blessings for the year ahead.
Setsubun is not only celebrated in homes but also in temples and shrines throughout Japan. Temples hold large-scale events, attracting crowds who participate in the festive rituals, with celebrities and sumo wrestlers often throwing beans to the assembled crowd, making the event even livelier.
While Setsubun is most commonly associated with the bean-throwing ritual, it is also an occasion for reflection and preparation for the coming season, when people clean their homes and make resolutions for the year ahead, setting the stage for a fresh start as spring approaches.
Setsubun has been a cherished tradition in Japan for centuries, combining elements of folklore, superstition, and family togetherness. It is a time of joyous celebration and a symbolic way to welcome the arrival of spring while warding off any lingering winter negativity.
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