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Prime Meridian Day marks the creation of modern time zones and longitude measurements at the International Meridian Conference in Washington, DC, in October 1884. November 1 is when the new measures went into effect.
The prime meridian resulted in the creation of the Greenwich Meridian, marking zero degrees longitude.
A prime meridian was necessary because of two things: for navigation and to unify timetables to create the 24 longitude-based time zones of the world. The earth travels and turns on its access at 15 degrees per hour, and each time zone in the world covers 15 degrees, counting forward from the Greenwich Meridian off the coast of Britain in the Atlantic.
The International Date Line, which is different and located in the Pacific, affords three additional time zones. This is why some countries are at thirty rather than sixty-minute increments.
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