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Guru Arjan Dev Ji (May 2, 1563-June 16, 1606), was the fifth Guru of the Sikhs and a prominent spiritual leader in Sikhism. He was born in Goindwal, Punjab (present-day India), to Guru Ram Das Ji, the fourth Sikh Guru, and Mata Bhani Ji. Guru Arjan Dev Ji became the Guru in 1581, following his father's footsteps.
Guru Arjan Dev Ji made significant contributions to the development and growth of Sikhism. Some of his key achievements include:
Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple)—In Amritsar, Guru Arjan Dev Ji designed and laid the foundation of the Harmandir Sahib, also known as the Golden Temple. This holy shrine is the most important pilgrimage site for Sikhs and symbolizes unity, humility, and spirituality.
Adi Granth (Guru Granth Sahib)—Guru Arjan Dev Ji compiled the Adi Granth, the first edition of the Guru Granth Sahib, which is the central religious scripture of Sikhism. He included the hymns of the first five Gurus and the works of several Hindu and Muslim saints, emphasizing the universality of spiritual wisdom.
Establishment of Sikh centers—He established various Sikh centers, called Manjis and Masands, to help spread the teachings of Sikhism and support the growing community. These centers played a significant role in disseminating spiritual knowledge, promoting social welfare, and managing community affairs.
Martyrdom—Guru Arjan Dev Ji was the first Sikh Guru to attain martyrdom. The Mughal Emperor Jahangir arrested, tortured, and executed Ji in 1606, primarily due to his growing influence and refusal to convert to Islam. His martyrdom marked a turning point in Sikh history, leading to the militarization of the Sikh community under the leadership of his successor, Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji.
Guru Arjan Dev Ji's life and teachings continue to inspire Sikhs worldwide. His emphasis on humility, service, equality, and devotion to God are central to Sikh values and beliefs.
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