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Guru Amar Das Sahib (May 5, 1479-September 1, 1574), was the third Guru of the Sikhs and an influential spiritual leader in Sikhism. He was born in Basarke, a village near Amritsar in present-day Punjab, India. Guru Amar Das Sahib became the Guru in 1552, succeeding Guru Angad Dev Ji, the second Sikh Guru.
Guru Amar Das Sahib contributed significantly to developing Sikhism and its institutions. Some of his notable achievements include:
Anand Karaj—Guru Amar Das Sahib established the Anand Karaj, the Sikh wedding ceremony, which formalized the institution of marriage within the Sikh faith. This ceremony emphasizes the importance of spiritual and social commitment between the couple and the community.
Langar System—Although the Langar system (community kitchen) began with Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the first Sikh Guru, Guru Amar Das Sahib, expanded and institutionalized it. He made it mandatory for all visitors, regardless of social status, caste, or religion, to partake in the Langar meal before meeting him. This practice promoted social equality, unity, and the spirit of selfless service.
Organization of Sikh Community—Guru Amar Das Sahib organized the Sikh community into 22 dioceses called Manjis, each led by spiritually and socially committed individuals. This system helped in spreading the teachings of Sikhism, managing community affairs, and ensuring the proper functioning of local congregations.
Compositions and Hymns—Guru Amar Das Sahib composed many hymns in the Guru Granth Sahib, the central religious scripture of Sikhism. His compositions emphasized the importance of meditation, devotion to God, and social responsibility.
Elimination of Caste-based Practices—Guru Amar Das Sahib actively discouraged caste-based discrimination and promoted social equality among his followers. He opposed the practice of Sati (a widow immolating herself on her husband's funeral pyre) and encouraged widow remarriage.
Guru Amar Das Sahib's teachings continue to inspire Sikhs worldwide. His focus on social equality, spiritual devotion, and community service are essential to the Sikh faith and values.
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